Atherosclerosis of the peripheral arteries is the principal cause of gangrene of the extremities and lower leg amputations. The medical care of peripheral vascular disease patients could be improved by customizing therapy according to each patient’s vascular disease characteristics as revealed by endoarterial biopsy. For peripheral vascular disease patients requiring arterial conduits for bypass or re-bypass surgical procedures, the endoarterial biopsy catheter could obtain arterial cells via a minimally invasive technique for the cell culture seeding of autologous vascular grafts composed of the patient’s own tissue.